Diabetes results from a constant high level of blood sugar. When the blood sugar levels are constantly high the body’s tissues become drenched in sugar which results in some long lasting damage. One of the most susceptible tissues is the arteries. In particular the small arteries of the eyes (retinopathy), the kidneys (nephropathy) and also the legs and feet (small vessel arterial disease).
These small arteries in the feet, when affected by diabetes, become blocked. This can pose a serious challenge as opening up small arteries in the foot can be very difficult.
To make things more challenging for patients with diabetes, is the damage that occurs to the nerves. Peripheral Neuropathy (which is damage to the nerves in the arms and more commonly the legs and feet) is a seriously debilitating and challenging condition. When combined with small arterial disease, patients with diabetes become very prone to develop foot ulcers. Diabetic Foot Ulcers can have rapid and serious consequences on the overall leg and potentially can also cause severe systemic infection or sepsis.
It is encouraged that patients with diabetes should frequent a Podiatrist with a special interest in Diabetes to help guide the patient on their foot care and know how to watch out for early signs of diabetic foot ulceration.